(SONEDE), a national water supply authority that is an autonomous From November 1942 until May 1943, Vichy Tunisia was occupied by Nazi Germany. Tunisian culture and identity are rooted in this centuries-long intersection of different cultural and ethnic groups. Hosts Tunisia and visitors Morocco and Colombia topped the medals table in the second stop of the 2021 World Para Athletics Grand Prix season, which ended in Tunis on Saturday (20 March). Nobel Foundation. The city that will consist of apartment buildings as well as several sports facilities will be built by the Bukhatir Group at a cost of $5 Billion. [3] The 1931 season-opening race was much more serious in its entry with eleven European grand prix and 16 1.5-litre cars racing with the smaller motor cycle-powered cars having disappeared. 18+, New Customers Only. Agricultural communities in the humid coastal plains of central Tunisia then were ancestors of today's Berber tribes. [182][183] Judaism is the country's third largest religion with between 1,000 and 1,400 members. Free multiparty parliamentary elections were held shortly after; the country again voted for parliament on 26 October 2014,[20] and for president on 23 November 2014. [161], An Ottoman influence has been particularly significant in forming the Turco-Tunisian community. The 25 Bonus Patin A Roulette Prix Tunisie Spins will be available in the players’ account upon sign-up and log in. The agricultural sector accounts for 11.6% of the GDP, industry 25.7%, and services 62.8%. areas are the responsibility of the Direction Générale du Génie Rurale (DGGR). The airport is located north of Sousse at Enfidha and is to mainly serve the resorts of Hamammet and Port El Kantaoui, together with inland cities such as Kairouan. Tunisia was classified 14th on the Paralympics medal table and 5th in Athletics. [119] On 7 December 2016, two Tunisian men were arrested on suspicion of homosexual activity in Sousse. [203] These galleries include Gallery Yahia in Tunis and Carthage Essaadi gallery. [40] Following its conquest, the Romans renamed Carthage to Africa, incorporating it as a province. Prix. In 2011, the Tunisian Revolution, triggered by the lack of freedom and democracy under the 24-year rule of president Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, overthrew his regime and catalyzed the broader Arab Spring across the region. The leading drivers in the voiturette class were Louis Joly, Pierre Veyron and Luigi Castelbarco. The birth of Tunisian contemporary painting is strongly linked to the School of Tunis, established by a group of artists from Tunisia united by the desire to incorporate native themes and rejecting the influence of Orientalist colonial painting. They founded the first Islamic city in Northwest Africa, Kairouan. [202], After independence in 1956, the art movement in Tunisia was propelled by the dynamics of nation building and by artists serving the state. The 1932 Tunis Grand Prix was a Grand Prix motor race held at the Carthage Street Circuit in Tunis, the capital of colonial Tunisia, on 17 April 1932. Currently there are 12 oil fields. Instead, Tunisia is considering other options to diversify its energy mix, such as renewable energies, coal, shale gas, liquified natural gas and constructing a submarine power interconnection with Italy. The antisemitic Statute on Jews enacted by the Vichy was also implemented in Vichy Northwest Africa and overseas French territories. The Tunisia men's national handball team has participated in several handball world championships. The higher education system in Tunisia has experienced a rapid expansion and the number of students has more than tripled over the past 10 years from approximately 102,000 in 1995 to 365,000 in 2005. [130], According to the 1956 Tunisian census, Tunisia had a population at the time of 3,783,000 residents, 95% consisting of Berbers and Arabs, 256 000 Europeans and 105 000 Jews. Individual Tunisians are tolerant of religious freedom and generally do not inquire about a person's personal beliefs. [21] Tunisia remains a unitary semi-presidential representative democratic republic; it is the only country in North Africa classified as "Free" by Freedom House,[22] and considered the only fully democratic state in the Arab World in the Economist Intelligence Unit's Democracy Index. It is widely used in education (e.g., as the language of instruction in the sciences in secondary school), the press, and business. Since January 2011 and at the direction of the executive branch, the military has taken on increasing responsibility for domestic security and humanitarian crisis response. The increasing dominance of German cars and the reduced status of races outside of the European championship saw entries plummet for 1936 with just eleven cars starting. [144], Oil production of Tunisia is about 97,600 barrels per day (15,520 m3/d). Caractéristiques techniques AttributValeurNombre de canaux 4 Bande passante 5MHz Type... 1 401,000 TND. public entity under the Ministry of Agriculture. [23][24][25][c] Tunisia has a high human development index[16] and one of the highest GDP per capita in Africa. Additional crops included beans, figs, grapes, and other fruits. After him Kais Saied became Tunisia's president after a landslide victory in the 2019 Tunisian presidential elections in October 2019. Tunisia was the first Mediterranean country to sign an Association Agreement with the European Union, in July 1995, although even before the date of entry came into force, Tunisia started dismantling tariffs on bilateral EU trade. Contrary to the pessimism of Albert Memmi, who predicted that Tunisian literature was sentenced to die young,[207] a high number of Tunisian writers are abroad including Abdelwahab Meddeb, Bakri Tahar, Mustapha Tlili, Hele Beji, or Mellah Fawzi. Under the Ottoman Empire, the boundaries of Tunisia contracted; it lost territory to the west (Constantine) and to the east (Tripoli). The plague epidemics ravaged Tunisia in 1784–1785, 1796–1797 and 1818–1820.[59]. [122], In 2017, Tunisia became the first North african country to outlaw domestic violence against women, which was previously not a crime. [61] With this treaty, Tunisia was officially made a French protectorate, over the objections of Italy. The catalyst for mass demonstrations was the death of Mohamed Bouazizi, a 26-year-old Tunisian street vendor, who set himself afire on 17 December 2010 in protest at the confiscation of his wares and the humiliation inflicted on him by a municipal official named Faida Hamdy. Le coût de la vie est un des plus élevés d'Afrique, normal diront certains, la Tunisie est le pays le moins pauvre d'Afrique du nord et un des moins pauvres d'Afrique. [193], In 2017 a handful of men were arrested for eating in public during Ramadan; they were convicted of committing "a provocative act of public indecency" and sentenced to month-long jail sentences. Many Jews consider it a pilgrimage site, with celebrations taking place there once every year due to its age and the legend that the synagogue was built using stones from Solomon's temple. A Carthaginian invasion of Italy led by Hannibal during the Second Punic War, one of a series of wars with Rome, nearly crippled the rise of Roman power. [177][178], Tunisia has a sizable Christian community of around over 35,000 adherents,[179][180] mainly Catholics (22,000) and to a lesser degree Protestants. [citation needed], The national bibliography lists 1249 non-school books published in 2002 in Tunisia, with 885 titles in Arabic. That said, an important number of genetic and other historical studies point out to the predominance of the Amazighs in Tunisia. To give lie to German claims they had left nothing usable behind in Tunisia, allied personnel utilised vehicles abandoned by the Germans to stage a motor race around an airfield. In the 19th century, the rulers of Tunisia became aware of the ongoing efforts at political and social reform in the Ottoman capital. The lowest point is Chott el Djerid at 17 metres (56 ft) below sea level and the highest is Jebel ech Chambi at 1,544 metres (5,066 ft). In the last years of the Hafsid dynasty, Spain seized many of the coastal cities, but these were recovered by the Ottoman Empire. The railway network is operated by SNCFT and amounts to 2,135 kilometres (1,327 mi) in total. [46], The Arab governors of Tunis founded the Aghlabid dynasty, which ruled Tunisia, Tripolitania and eastern Algeria from 800 to 909. [157], Amazighs are concentrated in the Dahar mountains and on the island of Djerba in the south-east and in the Khroumire mountainous region in the north-west. [124][125], Tunisia is subdivided into 24 governorates (Wilaya), which are further divided into 264 "delegations" or "districts" (mutamadiyat), and further subdivided into municipalities (baladiyats)[126] and sectors (imadats). The creation of Radio Tunis in 1938 allowed musicians a greater opportunity to disseminate their works. [146], Tunisia had plans for two nuclear power stations, to be operational by 2020. In 2014 Tunisian American creative nonfiction scribe and translator Med-Ali Mekki who wrote many books, not for publication but just for his own private reading translated the new Constitution of the Tunisian Republic from Arabic to English for the first time in Tunisian bibliographical history, the book was published worldwide the following year and it was the Internet's most viewed and downloaded Tunisian book. [47][48] This prosperity permitted luxurious court life and was marked by the construction of new palace cities such as al-Abassiya (809) and Raqadda (877). The country maintains 19,232 kilometres (11,950 mi) of roads,[130] with three highways: the A1 from Tunis to Sfax (works ongoing for Sfax-Libya), A3 Tunis-Beja (works ongoing Beja – Boussalem, studies ongoing Boussalem – Algeria) and A4 Tunis – Bizerte. services in the Middle East and North Africa. Differences in Tunisia, like the rest of the Maghreb, are largely north–south environmental differences defined by sharply decreasing rainfall southward from any point. Local hero Walid Ktila was one of the stars of Africa’s largest Para sport competition, taking two golds in just a bit over two hours on the opening session. Dal 2002, AlmavivA Tunisie ha raggiunto una posizione di leadership nel suo mercato di riferimento vincendo la gara per il full outsourcing del call center di TunisAir, la più importante gara di servizi mai bandita in Tunisia. The industrial sector is mainly made up of clothing and footwear manufacturing, production of car parts, and electric machinery. In October 2014 Tunisia held its first elections under the new constitution following the Arab Spring. There are now over 100 legal parties, including several that existed under the former regime. The Tunisia national football team, also known as "The Eagles of Carthage," won the 2004 African Cup of Nations (ACN), which was held in Tunisia. Most programs are in Arabic but some are in French. [112] Sharia courts were abolished in 1956. Achille Varzi, in a privateer Bugatti, won the 37-lap race ahead of fellow Bugatti driver Marcel Lehoux, with Philippe Étancelin, in an Alfa Romeo, claiming third position. The themes of wandering, exile and heartbreak are the focus of their creative writing. [139], On 29 and 30 November 2016, Tunisia held an investment conference Tunisia2020 to attract $30 billion in investment projects. [107], Homosexuality is illegal in Tunisia and can be punished by up to three years in prison. Since 1993, ONAS has had the status of a main operator for [57] In the late 16th century the coast became a pirate stronghold. ", "Caught in the Net: Tunisia's First Lady", "Ajaccio – Un trafic de yachts entre la France et la Tunisie en procès", "Le parcours fulgurant de Sakhr El-Materi, gendre du président tunisien Ben Ali", "Droits de l'Homme : après le harcèlement, l'asphyxie", "Dans le monde de l'après-11 septembre, seule la paix protège les libertés", "How Tunisia's revolution began – Features", "Wikileaks might have triggered Tunis' revolution", "Tunisia riots: Reform or be overthrown, US tells Arab states amid fresh riots", "Trade unions: the revolutionary social network at play in Egypt and Tunisia", "When fleeing Tunisia, don't forget the gold", Middle East Research and Information Project, "Former dissident sworn in as Tunisia's president", "Tunisia's constitution will not be based on Sharia: Islamist party", "Tunisian opposition leader Chokri Belaid shot dead outside his home", "Tunisia launches Truth and Dignity Commission", "The real reason Tunisia renewed its state of emergency", "Tunisia election: Kais Saied to become president", "An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm", "Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity - Supplementary Material", "Tunisia holds first election under new constitution", "TUNISIA. There are 29 airports in Tunisia, with Tunis Carthage International Airport and Djerba–Zarzis International Airport being the most important ones. [87], Protests continued for banning of the ruling party and the eviction of all its members from the transitional government formed by Mohammed Ghannouchi. [188] In fact, Tunisia along with Morocco has been said to be the Arab countries most accepting of their Jewish populations. Its 1,300 km (810 mi) of coastline include the African conjunction of the western and eastern parts of the Mediterranean Basin. The transition from a Latin-speaking Christian Berber society to a Muslim and mostly Arabic-speaking society took over 400 years (the equivalent process in Egypt and the Fertile Crescent took 600 years) and resulted in the final disappearance of Christianity and Latin in the 12th or 13th centuries. Rudolf Caracciola won in his Mercedes-Benz W25 ahead of Carlo Pintacuda's Alfa Romeo 8C and Jean-Pierre Wimille (Bugatti T59). The Sahel, a broadening coastal plain along Tunisia's eastern Mediterranean coast, is among the world's premier areas of olive cultivation. [202] Artists gained international recognition such as Hatem El Mekki or Zoubeir Turki and influenced a generation of new young painters. [6], "History of first editions of the Tunis Grand Prix: 1st edition: The First Tunisia Grand Prix", "History of first editions of the Tunis Grand Prix: The Second Tunisia Grand Prix", "2000 years of Historical Grand Prix: 1928 - 2008: 80th anniversary", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tunis_Grand_Prix&oldid=985229924, Recurring sporting events established in 1928, Recurring sporting events disestablished in 1937, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 24 October 2020, at 18:54. Economic liberalisation provided further opportunities for financial mismanagement,[73] while corrupt members of the Trabelsi family, most notably in the cases of Imed Trabelsi and Belhassen Trabelsi, controlled much of the business sector in the country. Planning, design and [96], The Tunisian National Dialogue Quartet won the 2015 Nobel Peace Prize for its work in building a peaceful, pluralistic political order in Tunisia. From the conclusion of the Second Punic War in 202 BC, Carthage functioned as a client state of the Roman Republic for another 50 years.[39]. There was even a huge production of mosaics and ceramics, exported mainly to Italy, in the central area of El Djem (where there was the second biggest amphitheater in the Roman Empire). For instance, the Tunisian Human Rights League, the first human rights organization in Africa and the Arab world, operated under restrictions and state intrusion for over half of its existence, but is now free to operate. [211][212], In 2007, some 245 newspapers and magazines (compared to only 91 in 1987) are 90% owned by private groups and independents. [129] However, according to the Corruption Perceptions Index published annually by Transparency International, Tunisia was ranked the least corrupt North-African-country in 2016, with a score of 41. Tunisia has achieved the highest access rates to water supply and sanitation safe drinking water became close to universal approaching 100% in urban The Phoenicians began to arrive in the 12th century BC, establishing several settlements, of which Carthage emerged as the most powerful by the seventh century BC. The main clubs are Espérance Sportive de Tunis, Étoile Sportive du Sahel, Club Africain, Club Sportif Sfaxien, Union Sportive Monastirienne, and ES Metlaoui. . The project is financed by Tunisian and foreign enterprises. [196] Education is given a high priority and accounts for 6% of GNP. According to The New York Times, Tunisia is "known for its golden beaches, sunny weather and affordable luxuries". [187], The country has a secular culture where religion is separated from not only political, but in public life. "The Nobel Peace Prize 2015". [47][51][52], The depredation of the Tunisian campaigns by the Banu Hilal, a warlike Arab Bedouin tribe encouraged by the Fatimids of Egypt to seize Northwest Africa, sent the region's rural and urban economic life into further decline. Localisation GPS : https://goo.gl/maps/4qfhWyJi8gEFXDzQ8 Other peoples have also migrated to Tunisia during different periods of time, including West Africans, Greeks, Romans, Phoenicians (Punics), Jews, and French settlers. 2009, l'année des rendez-vous culturels importants ", "Previous winners of major international cups And tournaments : the African Cup of Nations", "Tunisian handball team wins 2010 African Cup of Nations", "Tunisia suspended from Davis Cup over Malek Jaziri order | Tennis News", Official website of the Ministry of Tourism, Official website of the National Institute of Meteorology, Official website of the Assembly of the Representatives of the People, Official website of the Tunisian Ministry of the Interior, Official website of The Ministry of Transport, The Emergence and activity of Tunisia's most fearful terrorist group, EU Neighbourhood Info Centre: Country profile of Tunisia, Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha, Union of Arab National Olympic Committees, African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights, African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights, African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights, Community of Sahel–Saharan States (CEN-SAD), Organisation internationale de la Francophonie, Agence de Coopération Culturelle et Technique, Prix des cinq continents de la francophonie, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tunisia&oldid=1015320525, States and territories established in 1956, Arabic-speaking countries and territories, Berber-speaking countries and territories, French-speaking countries and territories, Member states of the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie, Member states of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, Member states of the Union for the Mediterranean, Articles with French-language sources (fr), Articles with dead external links from June 2016, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing explicitly cited English-language text, Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the symbol caption or type parameters, Articles containing Russian-language text, Articles containing Spanish-language text, Articles needing additional references from July 2018, All articles needing additional references, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2008, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2006, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from August 2017, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2015, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2011, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2015, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Pages using Sister project links with default search, Wikipedia articles with BIBSYS identifiers, Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz area identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with TDVİA identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with multiple identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 31 March 2021, at 20:11. Called the Granary of the Empire, the area of actual Tunisia and coastal Tripolitania, according to one estimate, produced one million tons of cereals each year, one-quarter of which was exported to the Empire. [169][170], French also plays a major role in Tunisian society, despite having no official status. Tunisian president Beji Caid Essebsi renewed the state of emergency in October for three more months. The founding in 1934 of a musical school helped revive Arab Andalusian music largely to a social and cultural revival led by the elite of the time who became aware of the risks of loss of the musical heritage and which they believed threatened the foundations of Tunisian national identity. The city of Carthage was founded in the 9th century BC by Phoenicians. Following the Battle of Carthage which began in 149 BC during the Third Punic War, Carthage was conquered by Rome in 146 BC. The people of Carthage worshipped a pantheon of Middle Eastern gods including Baal and Tanit. [128] Tunisia's Penal Code criminalises several forms of corruption, including active and passive bribery, abuse of office, extortion and conflicts of interest, but the anti-corruption framework is not effectively enforced. Tunisia was in 2009 ranked the most competitive economy in Africa and the 40th in the world by the World Economic Forum. Tunisia is situated on the Mediterranean coast of Northwest Africa, midway between the Atlantic Ocean and the Nile Delta. In 1910 there were 105,000 Italians in Tunisia.[62]. Faites plaisir et répondez à un désir. Le prix des facettes dentaires blanches ultra fines que les chirurgiens dentistes d'Horizon Dentaire proposent sont aujourd'hui encore moins chères car notre clinique dentaire à Tunis a développé une branche spécialisée en conception dentaire. [1] November the following year saw Italian driver Gastone Brilli-Peri win in a works Alfa Romeo P2 after the early retirements of team mates Achille Varzi and Baconin Borzacchini.[2]. [120] According to 2013 survey by the Pew Research Center, 94% of Tunisians believe that homosexuality should not be accepted by society. accueil. [153] Tunisia provides good quality drinking water throughout the year.[154]. An abrupt southward turn of the Mediterranean coast in northern Tunisia gives the country two distinctive Mediterranean coasts, west–east in the north, and north–south in the east. Ennahda's stance on the issue was criticized by hardline Islamists, who wanted strict sharia, but was welcomed by secular parties. Thus, the persecution, and murder of the Jews from 1940 to 1943 was part of the Shoah in France. In the 2005 Handball Championship in Tunis, Wissem Hmam was ranked as the top scorer of the tournament. [30] It is sometimes also associated with the Punic goddess Tanith (aka Tunit),[29][31] ancient city of Tynes. The navy had 4,800 personnel operating 25 patrol boats and 6 other craft. [93] On 6 February 2013, Chokri Belaid, the leader of the leftist opposition and prominent critic of Ennahda, was assassinated. After this success, the Almohads installed Walid Abu Hafs as the governor of Tunisia. The settlers of Carthage brought their culture and religion from Phoenicia, now present-day Lebanon and adjacent areas.[38]. As of 2008[update], Tunisia had an army of 27,000 personnel equipped with 84 main battle tanks and 48 light tanks. It lies between latitudes 30° and 38°N, and longitudes 7° and 12°E. The Tunisian Air Force has 154 aircraft and 4 UAVs. [75] Tunisia refused a French request for the extradition of two of the President's nephews, from Leila's side, who were accused by the French State prosecutor of having stolen two mega-yachts from a French marina. Persians went to the West and intermarried with the Gaetulians and became the Numidians. [175] Sunnis form the majority with non-denominational Muslims being the second largest group of Muslims,[176] followed by Ibadite Amazighs. [149], According to the Tunisian Solar Plan (which is Tunisia's Renewable Energy Strategy not limited to solar, contrary to what its title may suggest, proposed by the National Agency for Energy Conservation), Tunisia's objective is to reach a share of 30% of renewable energies in the electricity mix by 2030, most of which should be accounted for by wind power and photovoltaics. Under French colonization, European settlements in the country were actively encouraged; the number of French colonists grew from 34,000 in 1906 to 144,000 in 1945. -40% 2 335,000 TND. From the age of 8, they are taught French while English is introduced at the age of 12. Tunisia is well integrated into the international community: It is a member of the United Nations, La Francophonie, the Arab League, the OIC, the African Union, the Non-Aligned Movement, the International Criminal Court, and the Group of 77, among others. Bonus Patin A Roulette Prix Tunisie Spins will be active for seven (7) days from the day they are credited. [106], The number of legalized political parties in Tunisia has grown considerably since the revolution. Tunisia ranked 17th in the category of "quality of the [higher] educational system" and 21st in the category of "quality of primary education" in The Global Competitiveness Report 2008–9, released by The World Economic Forum.
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